Real-world speeds are often lower than advertised due to network overhead and contention.
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A common point of confusion: internet speeds are usually advertised in megabits per second (Mbps), while file sizes are usually shown in megabytes (MB) — 8 megabits = 1 megabyte, so a "100 Mbps" connection downloads at roughly 12.5 MB/s in ideal conditions (real-world throughput is usually somewhat lower).
Worked Example
Example: A 5GB file on a 100 Mbps connection: 5GB = 40,000 megabits. 40,000 / 100 = 400 seconds (~6.7 minutes).
Formula / Method
Time (seconds) = File Size (megabits) / Speed (Mbps), where 1 byte = 8 bits, so MB × 8 = megabits.
Worked Example
Example: A 5GB file on a 100 Mbps connection: 5GB = 40,000 megabits. 40,000 / 100 = 400 seconds (~6.7 minutes).
Formula / Method
Time (seconds) = File Size (megabits) / Speed (Mbps), where 1 byte = 8 bits, so MB × 8 = megabits.